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Preface
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Toolkits > Istanbul Protocol Model Medical Curriculum > Preface > Copyright and Acknowledgements

Copyright and Acknowledgements

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Copyright

© International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims

This Model Curriculum was developed by Physicians for Human Rights USA (PHR USA) as part of the Prevention through Documentation (PtD) Project, an initiative of the International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims (IRCT), Human Rights Foundation of Turkey (HRFT), REDRESS, and Physicians for Human Rights.

All rights reserved. This work may be reproduced for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for training, educational and reference purposes provided that the International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims is acknowledged. All materials distributed must contain this copyright notice: “© International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims.”

ADDRESS
International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims (IRCT)
Borgergade 13
P.O. Box 9049
DK-1022 Copenhagen K
DENMARK

ISBN: 978-87-88882-23-0

Acknowledgements

The Model Curriculum was developed by Vincent Iacopino MD, PhD, Senior Medical Advisor, Physicians for Human Rights using the resources listed below. The Model Curriculum was edited by Madhavi Dandu, MD, MPH, University of California, San Francisco and copy edited by Gregory Wong, Wesleyan University. Editorial comments and suggestions were kindly provided by Önder Özkalıpçı MD, International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims; Alejandro Moreno, MD, JD, Boston Center for Refugee Health and Human Rights

Many of the materials used for the preparation of the Model Curriculum were developed through the Preventing Torture through Investigation and Documentation (PtD) Project, a collaboration between the Human Rights Foundation of Turkey, REDRESS, Physicians for Human Rights, and the International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims. The contributors of those materials included: Hülya Üçcpınar, Türkcan Baykal and Şebnem Korur Fincancı, with comments and contributions provided by Lutz Oette, Anna-Lena Svensson-McCarthy, Nieves Molina Clemente, Ole Vedel Rasmussen, Thomas Wenzel and Vincent Iacopino.

The PowerPoint files that were developed for each of the nine Modules in the Model Curriculum were based on contributions from a number of individuals:

  • Module 1: Vincent Iacopino, Physicians for Human Rights; Bent Sorensen, International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims
  • Module 2: Vincent Iacopino, Physicians for Human Rights; Önder Özkalıpçı MD, International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims; Caroline Schlar, Action for Torture Survivors (HRFT), Geneva; Jon Snaedal, Istanbul Protocol Implementation Project Training, Tbilisi, Georgia
  • Module 3: Türkcan Baykal MD, Human Rights Foundation of Turkey; Allen Keller MD Bellevue/NYU Program for Survivors of Torture; Uwe Jacobs PhD, Survivors International; Kathleen Allden, MD, Indochinese Psychiatric Clinic; Vincent Iacopino, Physicians for Human Rights
  • Module 4: Vincent Iacopino, Physicians for Human Rights; Önder Özkalıpçı MD, International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims; Alejandro Moreno, MD, JD, Boston Center for Refugee Health and Human Rights; Ole Vedel Rasmussen, MD, DMSc, International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims; Türkcan Baykal MD, Human Rights Foundation of Turkey; Caroline Schlar, PhD, Human Rights Foundation of Turkey, Emre Kapnın, Human Rights Foundation of Turkey; Kathleen Allden, MD, Indochinese Psychiatric Clinic
  • Module 5: Vincent Iacopino, Physicians for Human Rights; Önder Özkalıpçı MD, International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims; Alejandro Moreno, MD, JD, Boston Center for Refugee Health and Human Rights; Ole Vedel Rasmussen, MD, DMSc, International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims; Lis Danielsen, MD, DMSc, International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims
  • Module 6: Türkcan Baykal MD, Human Rights Foundation of Turkey, Caroline Schlar, PhD, Human Rights Foundation of Turkey, Emre Kapnın, Human Rights Foundation of Turkey; Kathleen Allden, MD, Indochinese Psychiatric Clinic; Vincent Iacopino, Physicians for Human Rights
  • Module 7: Vincent Iacopino, Physicians for Human Rights; Alejandro Moreno, MD, JD, Boston Center for Refugee Health and Human Rights; Önder Özkalıpçı MD, International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims
  • Module 8: Vincent Iacopino, Physicians for Human Rights; Alejandro Moreno, MD, JD, Boston Center for Refugee Health and Human Rights; Önder Özkalıpçı MD, International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims
  • Module 9: Vincent Iacopino, Physicians for Human Rights; Alejandro Moreno, MD, JD, Boston Center for Refugee Health and Human Rights; Önder Özkalıpçı MD, International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims

The two Case Examples included in Modules 7 and 8 were developed by: Vincent Iacopino, Physicians for Human Rights; Alejandro Moreno, MD, JD, Boston Center for Refugee Health and Human Rights; Önder Özkalıpçı MD, International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims. The PowerPoint presentations were edited by Madhavi Dandu, MD, MPH, University of California, San Francisco and copy edited by Gregory Wong, Wesleyan University.

The two Psychological Evaluations used in Module 6 were provided by: Uwe Jacobs PhD, Survivors International; Kathleen Allden, MD, Indochinese Psychiatric Clinic.

All Self-Assessment files were developed by Vincent Iacopino, Physicians for Human Rights with editorial comments and suggestions provided by Madhavi Dandu, MD, MPH, University of California, San Francisco and copy edited by Gregory Wong, Wesleyan University.

Preface
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  • Istanbul Protocol Model Medical Curriculum

    • Preface
      • Copyright and Acknowledgements
      • Resources
      • Glossary
    • Introduction
      • Curriculum Materials
      • Summary of Content
      • How to Use These Educational Resources
    • Module 1: International Legal Standards (Overview)
      • Torture
        • What is Torture
        • Purpose of Torture
        • History of Torture
        • Other Definitions
        • Cruel Inhuman & Degrading Treatment & Punishment (CID)
        • Prohibition of Torture in International Law
        • The United Nations Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment 1984
        • Torture in the World Today
        • Country-Specific Legal Standards and Torture Practices
        • The Perpetrators
        • Common Situations for Torture Allegations
        • Where Does Torture and Ill-treatment Occur?
        • Obligation to Investigate and Bring Justice
        • Formal Inspection of Detention Facilities
        • Official Complaints to Human Rights Bodies and Other Organizations
        • Recently Released Detainees
        • NGO Information Gathering
        • Late Allegations
      • Prevention and Accountability
        • Prevention
        • Accountability
        • Reparation
      • International Supervisory Machinery and Complaints Procedures
        • The Human Rights Committee
        • The UN Committee against Torture
        • Regional Mechanisms
        • Other monitoring mechanisms
        • The UN Special Rapporteur on Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment or Punishment
        • International criminal courts and tribunals
        • The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
      • Safeguards Against Torture for Those Deprived of Their Liberty
        • Notifying people of their rights
        • Use of officially recognized places of detention and the maintenance of effective custody records
        • Avoiding incommunicado detention
        • Humane conditions of detention
        • Limits on interrogation
        • Access to a lawyer and respect for the functions of a lawyer
        • Access to a doctor
        • The right to challenge the lawfulness of detention
        • Safeguards for special categories of detainees
      • Module 1 Presentation: International Legal Standards
      • Self-Assessment and Quiz
        • Module 1 Answers
    • Module 2: Istanbul Protocol Standards for Medical Documentation of Torture and Medical Ethics
      • The Istanbul Protocol
        • About the Istanbul Protocol
        • Brief History
        • International Recognition of the Istanbul Protocol
      • An Overview of the Istanbul Protocol
        • Legal Investigation of Torture
        • General Considerations for Interviews
        • Physical Evidence of Torture
        • Psychological Evidence of Torture
        • Interpretation of Findings and Referrals
        • Misuse of the Istanbul Protocol
        • Procedural Safeguards for Detainees
      • Medical Ethics
        • Introduction
        • Duties of the health professional
        • International Codes
        • Ethical rules directly prohibiting involvement in torture
        • Primary loyalty to the patient
        • Dual Obligations
        • The treatment of prisoners and detainees
        • Issues surrounding examinations of individuals in the presence of security forces
        • Abusive medical treatment
        • Consent and confidentiality
        • Security
        • Involvement of other health professionals in torture
        • Seeking further information and support
        • Country-specific legal responsibilities of health professionals for forensic documentation of torture and ill-treatment
      • General Guidelines for Gathering Evidence and Documenting Findings
        • The aims and goals of investigation
        • Multidisciplinary approach to documentation
        • Role of the health professional in the team
        • Role of the lawyer in the team
        • Role of the NGO member in the team
        • Role of judges and prosecutors
      • Documenting the allegations
        • The aim of medical documentation
        • Types of evidence
        • Medical evidence
        • Gathering of evidence
        • Essential information
        • Quality of information
        • Comparing records
      • Module 2 Presentation: Istanbul Protocol Standards for Medical Documentation of Torture and Medical Ethics
      • Self-Assessment and Quiz
        • Module 2 Answers
    • Module 3: Interview Considerations
      • Preliminary Considerations
        • Purpose of Medical Evaluations
        • Interview Settings
        • Trust
        • Informed Consent
        • Confidentiality
        • Privacy
        • Empathy
        • Objectivity
        • Safety and Security
        • Procedural Safeguards for Detainees
        • Risk of Re-traumatisation
        • Gender Considerations
        • Interviewing Children
        • Cultural and Religious Awareness
        • Working with Interpreters
        • Transference and Counter-Transference Reactions
      • Conducting Interviews
        • Types of questions
        • Cognitive Techniques
        • Summarising and clarifying
        • Difficulties Recalling and Recounting
        • Assessing Inconsistencies
      • Interview Content
        • Identification and Introduction
        • Psychosocial History (Pre-Arrest)
        • Past Medical History
        • Summary of Detention(s) and Abuse
        • Circumstances of Detention(s)
        • Prison/Detention Place Conditions
        • Allegations of Torture and Ill-treatment
        • Review of Symptoms
        • Psychosocial History (post-arrest)
        • Assessments of Physical and Psychological Evidence
        • Physical Examination
        • Closing
        • Indications for Referral
      • Module 3 Presentation: Interview Considerations
      • Self-Assessment and Quiz
        • Module 3 Answers
    • Module 4: Torture Methods and their Medical Consequences
      • Introduction
      • Torture Methods
        • Beatings/Falanga
        • Ear Trauma
        • Eye Trauma
        • Restraint, Shackling and Positional Torture
        • Suspension
        • Crushing and Stretching Injuries
        • Burning
        • Electrical injuries
        • Asphyxiation
        • Violent Shaking
        • Sexual Assault
        • Sexual Humiliation
        • Prolonged Isolation and Sensory Deprivation
        • Sleep Deprivation
        • Temperature Manipulation
        • Sensory Bombardment
        • Threats of Harm
      • Psychological Consequences of Torture
        • Introduction
        • The Paradox of Psychological Consequences of Torture
        • The Psychological Consequences of Torture
        • Social, Political and Cultural Context
        • Risk factors for Trauma and Torture-Related Disorders
        • Psychological Symptoms
      • Module 4 Presentation: Torture Methods and their Medical Consequences
      • Self-Assessment and Quiz
        • Module 4 Answers
    • Module 5: Physical Evidence of Torture and Ill-Treatment
      • Physical Evidence of Torture
        • Medical history
      • The Physical Examination
        • Dermatologic Evaluation
        • Head and Neck
        • Chest and Abdomen
        • Musculoskeletal System
      • Neurological Examination
        • Head Trauma and Post-traumatic Epilepsy
        • Nerve Damage
      • Examination of Women
        • Examination Following a Recent Assault
        • Examination After the Immediate Phase
        • Follow-up
        • Genital Examination of Women
      • Genital Examination of Men
      • Perianal Examination
      • Medical Photography
        • Assessment for Referral
      • Diagnostic Tests
      • Module 5 Presentation: Physical Evidence of Torture and Ill-Treatment
      • Self-Assessment and Quiz
        • Module 5 Answers
    • Module 6: Psychological Evidence of Torture and Ill-Treatment
      • The Central Role of the Psychological Evaluation
        • Conducting the Psychological Evaluation
        • Psychological Findings and Diagnostic Considerations
        • Components of the Psychological/Psychiatric Evaluation
      • Children and Torture
        • Introduction
        • Developmental Considerations
        • Clinical Considerations
        • Role of the Family
      • Apendix I: Sample Psychological Evaluations
        • Psychological Evaluation #1
        • Psychological Evaluation #2
      • Apendix II: ICD-10
      • Module 6 Presentation: Psychological Evidence of Torture and Ill-Treatment
      • Self-Assessment and Quiz
        • Module 6 Answers
    • Module 7: Case Example #01
      • Introduction
      • Preliminary Considerations
      • Materials
      • Module 7 Presentation: Case Example #01
      • Self-Assessment and Quiz
        • Module 7 Answers
    • Module 8: Case Example #02
      • Introduction
      • Preliminary Considerations
      • Materials
      • Module 8 Presentation: Case Example #02
      • Self-Assessment and Quiz
        • Module 8 Answers
    • Module 9: Report Writing and Testifying in Court
      • Written Reports
        • General Considerations
        • Content of Written Reports
        • Conclusions
        • Inconsistencies
      • Providing Testimony in Court
      • Appendix: Court Testimony Guidelines and Maxims
      • Module 9 Presentation: Report Writing and Testifying in Court
      • Self-Assessment and Quiz
        • Module 9 Answers
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