(i) To take effective legislative, administrative, judicial or other measures to prevent acts of torture, for example by:
- Establishing effective monitoring mechanisms to prevent torture in all places of detention;
- Ensuring that any statement that is established to have been made as a result of torture shall not be invoked as evidence in any proceedings, except against a person accused of torture as evidence that the statement was made;
- Ensuring that the prohibition of torture is included in training of law enforcement and medical personnel, public and other relevant officials;
- Not expelling, returning, extraditing or otherwise transferring a person to a country when there are substantial grounds for believing that the person would be tortured (non-refoulement).
(ii) To ensure that general safeguards againt torture exist in places of detentions such as:
- Granting detainees prompt and unrestricted access to a lawyer and a doctor of their choice;
- Informing family members or friends about the person’s detention;
- Providing detainees access to family members and friends;
- Not holding persons incommunicado detention;
- Enabling detainees to promptly challenge the legality of their detention before a judge.