Direct trauma to the eye is very common, either incidental to general beating about the head or else intentionally aimed. There may be conjunctival or retinal haemorrhage, dislocation of the lens or detachment of the retina. Torturers may force their victims to look at the sun or bright lights for long periods. Conversely, detainees may be kept for months or years in total darkness. Survivors often complain long afterwards of lacrimation (tearing) and photophobia (light sensitivity). However, such cases do not show any detectable physical abnormality and treatment is purely symptomatic.
Blunt trauma to the right orbit showing a periorbital contusion and conjunctival haemorrhage. (Courtesy of the Human Rights Foundation of Turkey)