(i) To effectively investigate allegations of torture by:
- Putting into place an effective complaints procedure, such as providing adequate victim and witness protection;
- Ensuring that the relevant authorities undertake a prompt and impartial investigation whenever there are reasonable grounds to believe that torture has been committed;
- Guaranteeing that all allegations of torture are effectively investigated.
(ii) To ensure that alleged perpetrators are subject to criminal procedings by:
- Criminalizing acts of torture, including complicity or participation, and excluding the defenses of necessity or superior orders;
- Ensuring that the alleged perpetrators are subject to criminal proceedings if an investigation establishes that an act of torture appears to have been committed;
- Imposing punishments that reflect the seriousness of the crime;
- Enshrining the principle of universal jurisdiction, enabling the investigation and prosecution of torturers irrespective of the place where the torture was committed and the nationality of either the victim or the perpetrator; and
- Making torture and extraditable offense and providing assistance to another national governments seeking to investigate and/or prosecute persons accused of torture.